A) Psychology of

1. Normalacy
-Gonsiorek, 1991;
-Reiss, 1980
-Hart, Roback, Tittler, Weitz, Walston & McKee, 1978

"Homosexuality in and of itself is unrelated to psychological disturbance or maladjustment. Homosexuals as a group are not more psychologically disturbed on account of their homosexuality" (Gonsiorek, 1982)

Hart, M., Roback, H., Tittler, B., Weitz, L., Walston, B., & McKee, E. (1978). "Psychological adjustment of nonpatient homosexuals: Critical review of the research literature." Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 39(7), 604-608.

Hooker, E. (1957). "The adjustment of the male overt homosexual." Journal of Projective Techniques, 21, 18-31.

2. Not caused by molestation:
Johnson, R.L., & Shrier, D. (1987). "Past sexual victimization by females of male patients in an adolescent medicine clinic population." American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 650-652.

3. Changeable? (Pretty much "no")

Herek, G.M. (2003). Evaluating interventions to alter sexual orientation: Methodological and ethical considerations (Comment on Spitzer, 2003). Archives of Sexual Behavior, 32(5), 438-439.

Shidlo, A., & Schroeder, M. (2002). Changing sexual orientation: A consumers' report. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 33(3), 249-259.

Haldeman, D.C. (1994). The practice and ethics of sexual orientation conversion therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62 (2), 221-227. Link: http://www.iglss.org/media/files/Angles_41.pdf

Martin, A.D. (1984). The emperor's new clothes: Modern attempts to change sexual orientation. In T. Stein & E. Hetrick (Eds.), Innovations in psychotherapy with homosexuals (pp. 24-57). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

3a.Women's Sexuality May Be Different:
Fluidity of Women's Sexuality

B) Etiologies:

1. Genetic Factors / Heredity

R. Blanchard, "Fraternal birth order and the maternal immune hypothesis of male homosexuality," Hormones & Behavior, 2001, 40, Pages 105 to 114.

R. Blanchard & L. Elllis, "Birth weight, sexual orientation, and the sex of preceding siblings," Journal of Biosocial Science, 2001, 33: Pages 451 to 467.

Bailey, J. Michael ; Dunne, Michael P. ; Martin, Nicholas G. "Genetic and Environmental Influences on Sexual Orientation and Its Correlates in an Australian Twin Sample." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Volume 78(3) March 2000 p 524–536

Khytam Dawood, M.S., Richard C. Pillard, M.D., Christopher Horvath, Ph.D., 3 William Revelle, Ph.D.,1 and J. MichaelBailey,Ph.D. Familial Aspects of Male Homosexuality Archives of Sexual Behavior,Vol.29,No.2,2000

J. M. Bailey, R. C. Pillard, et al, "Heritable Factors Influence Sexual Orientation in Women" Archives of General Psychiatry, 50 (1993): 217-23

Dean Hamer et al, "A Linkage Between DNA Markers on the X Chromosome and Male Sexual Orientation" Science 261 (1993-JUL-16): pp 321-27.

J.M. Bailey, R. C. Pillard, "A Genetic Study of Male Sexual Orientation", Archives of General Psychiatry, 48 (1991): 1089-96.

3. Physiological Differences between Straight and Gay men
--"Dermatoglyphic Asymmetry and Sexual Orientation in Men", Behavioral Neuroscience, Vol. 108, No. 6, 1203-1206, Dec 94

4. Stress
L. Ellis et al., Journal of Sex Research, 25[1]:152-7, 1988)

5. Early Formation of / "Sissy Boy Syndrome"
-.M. Bailey, K.J. Zucker, Developmental Psychology, 31[1]:43-55, 1995

-Richard Green, "The 'Sissy Boy Syndrome' and the development of homosexuality", Yale University Press, New Haven CT (1987)

C. Formation in Animals:
-Bruce Bagemihl, "Biological Exuberance: Animal homosexuality and natural diversity," St. Martins Press, (1999)

See also:http://www.religioustolerance.org/hom_caus3.htm for a discussion on penetrance

C) Population Studies:
1. Animals

Cross Cultural
-Frederick Whitam & Robin Mathy, "Male Homosexuality in Four Societies: Brazil, Guatemala, the Philippines and the United States," Praeger, New York NY (1986

Ford, C.S., & Beach, F.A. (1951). Patterns of sexual behavior. New York: Harper & Brothers. [early work showing homosexuality present across a wide spectrum of cultures, populations and species] "...They reported that homosexual behavior of some sort was considered normal and socially acceptable for at least some individuals in 64% of the 76 societies in their sample; in the remaining societies, adult homosexual activity was reported to be totally absent, rare, or carried on only in secrecy."

Herdt, G.H. (Ed.) (1984). Ritualized homosexuality in Melanesia. Berkeley: University of California Press.

http://www.anthropogeny.com/Etiology%20of%20Male%20Homosexuality%20and%20Current%20Rise%20of%20Male%20Homo.htm

http://www.royy.com/pap.html

http://cas.bellarmine.edu/tietjen/RootWeb/npr_letters_on_the_biological_ba.htm

http://www.theologywebsite.com/cgi-bin/ubb/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=11;t=000050;p=6

General Overview Books:
Anne Moir and David Jessel, "Brainsex", Dell Books (1993)

Dean Hamer & Peter Copeland "The Science of Desire: The Search for the Gay Gene & the Biology of Behavior", Simon & Schuster (1994)

Matt Ridley, "Nature via nurture: Genes, experience, and what makes us human," HarperCollins, (2003).

Posted by Jody at June 8, 1004 11:48 PM

Comments